Basal stem rot of oil palm has been known for many years (80 in fact) but efforts to control the disease in other countries have been futile. This is mainly because very little was known about the causal agent or pathogen. In PNG we revolutionised the research by studying the disease in the field as well as the pathogen population. These studies are vital for understanding and elucidating the spread of the disease in young plantations as well as in older plantations. Our studies have proven the role of sexual reproduction on the disease cycle and have shown that spores of G. boninense can travel long distances.

Investigations are also being conducted into disease initiation. We have developed a species specific DNA primer for Ganoderma boninense known as GANet which we have been using in epidemiological studies to follow the disease in young plantings.

2. Biocontrol of Ganoderma

Field control of basal stem through the control of the breeding cycle of the pathogen is an important component of our research. We have been looking for naturally occurring fungi that are efficient wood degraders and potential competitors for Ganoderma. These fungi could be used to degrade oil palm trunks in the field to prevent Ganoderma from colonising such substrates. One fungus Thielaviopsis/Ceratocystis paradoxa,  has been identified as a potential candidate however, it is implicated in a disease of oil palm in South America and hence, more detailed studies of this fungus are in progress.

New work on biocontrol of Ganoderma is underway using antagonistic Trichoderma isolates. It is envisaged that disease initiation on pruned frond bases can be prevented by the use of antagonistic Trichodermaisolates, thus reducing disease spread.

3. Long-term Disease Control

Scientists at PNGOPRA were amongst the first to recognise that long-term control of stem rots caused by Ganoderma can only be eliminated by enhancing the resistance of palms available to planters. We currently have a research programme in this area.

4. Training and Extension

As with other sections within PNGOPRA, the Plant Pathology section carries out training for both plantation and smallholder farmers in control methods for basal stem rot. Technical notes are being produced for distribution to field workers.

Few people are aware that our laboratory has molecular capabilities and we are open to collaboration with other institutes in the country. Enquiries from University students are also welcome.